When particles are heated the distance between the particles increases. This means that objects will expand. When liquids or gases expand they become less dense. A gas or liquid which is will dense will rise through a more dense gas or liquid. This is the explanation for the well-known tendency of hot fluids to rise and cold fluids to sink. Scientists call this process convection.
Aim: To observe convection in a liquid.
Equipment: 200 mL beaker, water, tweezers, a crystal of potassium permanganate, a drinking leave it just to one side of the Busen burner.
Method:1. Set up a Busen burner on a heatproof mat.Put the gauze mat on the tripod but minutes.
2. Fill a 200 mL beaker with 150 mL cold water.
3. Place the beaker on top of the tripod and gauze and allow it to settle for a few minutes.
4. Carefully insert a drinking straw down one side of the beaker, ensuring the straw is touching the bottom of the beaker. Be careful as you do not want to disturb the water too much.
5. Using tweezers, drop a crystal of potassium permanganate down the inside of the straw.Wait for the crystal to settle on the bottom of the beaker.
6, Very gently, so to not disturb the water, remove the straw.
7. Light the Busen and slide it under the tripod so that you are only heating the outside of the beaker where the crystal is.Observe.
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